The building in Ballard’s novel seems to be an example of Brutalist architecture, a style that emerged in the postwar era. Here are some examples:

A Tesco’s in Slovenia:

A prior blog post with links: https://analepsis.org/2017/02/20/brutalism-415/

An interview with Ben Wheatley in a British architecture magazine: https://www.dezeen.com/2016/03/25/high-rise-movie-not-a-criticism-of-post-war-architecture-interview-director-ben-wheatley/